In botany, a bulb is structurally a short stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organs are also called "bulbous ornamental plants" or just "bulbs."
A bulb's leaf bases, also known as scales, generally do not support leaves but contain food reserves to enable the plant to survive adverse weather conditions. At the center of the bulb is a vegetative growing point or an unexpanded flowering shoot. A reduced stem forms the base, and plant growth occurs from this basal plate. Roots emerge from the underside of the base, and new stems and leaves grow from the upper side. Tunicate bulbs have dry, membranous outer scales that protect the continuous lamina of fleshy scales. Species in the genera Allium, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and Tulipa all have tunicate bulbs. Non-tunicate bulbs, such as Lilium and Fritillaria species, lack the protective tunic and have looser scales.
The technical term geophyte encompasses plants that form underground storage organs, including bulbs as well as tubers and corms. Some epiphytic orchids (family Orchidaceae) form above-ground storage organs called pseudobulbs that superficially resemble bulbs.
Nearly all plants that form true bulbs are monocotyledons and include:
- Amaryllis, Crinum, Hippeastrum, Narcissus, and several other members of the amaryllis family Amaryllidaceae. This includes onion, garlic, and other Alliums, members of the Amaryllid subfamily Allioideae.
- Lily, tulip, and many other members of the lily family Liliaceae.
- Two groups of Iris species, family Iridaceae: subgenus Xiphium (the "Dutch" irises) and subgenus Hermodactyloides (the miniature "rock garden" irises).
Oxalis, in the family Oxalidaceae, is the only dicotyledon genus that produces true bulbs.
Bulbous plant species cycle through vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The bulb grows to flowering size during the vegetative stage, and the plant flowers during the reproductive stage. Certain environmental conditions are needed to trigger the transition from one stage to the next, such as the shift from a cold winter to spring. Once the flowering period is over, the plant enters a foliage period of about six weeks, during which time the plant absorbs nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun for setting flowers for the next year. Bulbs dug up before the foliage period is completed will not bloom the following year but should normally flower in subsequent years.
After the foliage period is completed, bulbs may be dug up for replanting elsewhere. Any surface moisture should be dried, and then the bulbs may be stored up to about four months for a fall planting. Storing them much longer than that may cause the bulbs to dry out inside and become nonviable.
Bulbil
A bulbil is a small bulb and may also be called a bulblet, bulbet, or bulbel.
Small bulbs can develop or propagate a large bulb. If one or several moderate-sized bulbs form to replace the original bulb, they are called renewal bulbs. Increase bulbs are small bulbs that develop either on each of the leaves inside a bulb or else on the end of small underground stems connected to the original bulb.
Some lilies, such as the Tiger Lily (Lilium lancifolium), form small bulbs, called bulbils, in their leaf axils. Several members of the Onion family, Alliaceae, including Allium sativum (garlic), form bulbils in their flower heads, sometimes as the flowers fade or even instead of the flowers.
Source: wikipedia.org
Links
- Plantpedia: Browse flowering plants by Scientific Name, Common Name, Genus, Family, USDA Hardiness Zone, or Origin